Electrochemical Nomenclature, Standards, etc.

Revision date: October 16, 2014.

Additions and corrections are welcome, send them to: nagyz@email.unc.edu.

Manual of symbols and terminology for physicochemical quantities and units, Appendix III, Electrochemical nomenclature (IUPAC Recommendations 1973)
R. Parsons, Pure Appl. Chem. 37, 499-516 (1974).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1974/pdf/3704x0499.pdf

Classification and nomenclature of electroanalytical techniques (IUPAC Rules 1975)
Pure Appl. Chem. 45, 81-97 (1976).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1976/pdf/4502x0081.pdf

Recommendations for sign convention and plotting of electrochemical data (IUPAC Rules 1975)
Pure Appl. Chem. 45, 131-134 (1976).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1976/pdf/4502x0131.pdf

Recommendations for nomenclature of ion-selective electrodes (IUPAC Recommendations 1975)
Pure Appl. Chem. 48, 127-132 (1976).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1976/pdf/4801x0127.pdf

Selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes
E. Pungor, K. Toth, and A. Hrabeczy-Pall, Pure Appl. Chem. 51, 1913-1980 (1979).
Available on WWW: http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/51/9/1913/pdf/

Electrode reaction orders, transfer coefficients, and rate constants: amplification of definitions and recommendations for publication of parameters (IUPAC Recommendations 1979)
R. Parsons, Pure Appl. Chem. 52, 233-240 (1979) and Electrochim. Acta, 26, 1867-1874 (1981).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1980/pdf/5201x0233.pdf

Nomenclature for transport phenomena in electrolytic systems (IUPAC Recommendations 1979)
N. Ibl, Pure Appl. Chem. 53, 1827-1840 (1981) and Electrochim. Acta, 27, 629-642 (1982).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1981/pdf/5310x1827.pdf

Recommendations for publishing manuscripts on ion-selective electrodes (IUPAC Recommendations 1981)
G.G. Guilbault, Pure Appl. Chem. 53, 1907-1912 (1981).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1981/pdf/5310x1907.pdf

Recommendations on reporting electrode potentials in nonaqueous solvents (IUPAC Recommendations 1983)
G. Gritzner and J. Kuta, Pure Appl. Chem. 56, 461-466 (1984) and Electrochim. Acta, 29, 869-873 (1984).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1984/pdf/5604x0461.pdf

Definition of pH scales, standard reference values, measurement of pH, and related terminology (IUPAC Recommendations 1984)
A.K. Covington, R.G. Bates, and R.A. Durst, Pure Appl. Chem. 57, 531-542 (1985).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1985/pdf/5703x0531.pdf

Criteria for standardization of pH measurements in organic solvents and water + organic solvent mixtures of moderate to high permittivities (IUPAC Technical Report)
T. Mussini, A.K. Covington, P. Longhi, and S. Rondini, Pure Appl. Chem. 57, 865-876 (1985).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1985/pdf/5706x0865.pdf

Recommendations for the determination of pH in low ionic strength fresh waters A.K. Covington, P.D. Whalley, and W. Davison, Pure Appl. Chem. 57, 877-886 (1985).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1985/pdf/5706x0877.pdf

Procedures for testing pH responsive glass electrodes at 25, 37, 65 and 85 ^oC and determination of alkaline errors up to 1 mol/dm³ Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺ (IUPAC Technical Report)
A.K. Covington, H.P. Butikofer, M.F.G.F.C. Camoes, M.I.A. Ferra, and M.J.F. Rebelo, Pure Appl. Chem. 57, 887-898 (1985).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1985/pdf/5706x0887.pdf

Recommended terms, symbols, and definitions for electroanalytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1985)
L. Meites, P. Zuman, and H.W. Nurnberg, Pure Appl. Chem. 57, 1491-1505 (1985).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1985/pdf/5710x1491.pdf

Interphases in systems of conducting phases (IUPAC Recommendations 1985)
S. Trasatti and R. Parsons, Pure Appl. Chem. 58, 437-454 (1986) and J. Electroanal. Chem., 205, 359-376 (1986).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1986/pdf/5803x0437.pdf

Definition and determination of response time of ion selective electrodes E. Lindner, K. Toth, and E. Pungor, Pure Appl. Chem. 58, 469-479 (1986).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1986/pdf/5803x0469.pdf

The absolute electrode potential: an explanatory note (IUPAC Recommendations 1986)
S. Trasatti, Pure Appl. Chem. 58, 955-966 (1986).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1986/pdf/5807x0955.pdf

Reference value standards and primary standards for pH mesurements in organic solvents and water + organic solvent mixtures of moderate to high permittivities (IUPAC Technical Report)
S. Rondini, P.R. Mussini, and T. Mussini, Pure Appl. Chem. 59, 1549-1560 (1987).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1987/pdf/5911x1549.pdf

Recommendations for the determination of pH in sea water and estuarine waters (IUPAC Technical Report)
A.K. Covington and M. Whitfield, Pure Appl. Chem. 60, 865-870 (1988).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6006x0865.pdf

Electrochemical corrosion nomenclature (IUPAC Recommendations 1988)
K.E. Heusler, D. Landolt, and S. Trasatti, Pure Appl. Chem. 61, 19-22 (1989) and Electrochim. Acta, 35, 295-298 (1990).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1989/pdf/6101x0019.pdf

Terminology in semiconductor electrochemistry and photoelectrochemical energy conversion (IUPAC Recommendations 1991)
A.J. Bard, R. Memming, and B. Miller, Pure Appl. Chem. 63, 569-596 (1991).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1991/pdf/6304x0569.pdf

Nomenclature, symbols, definitions, and measurements for electrified interfaces in aqueous dispersions of solids (IUPAC Recommendations 1991)
J. Lyklema, Pure Appl. Chem. 63, 895-906 (1991).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1991/pdf/6306x0895.pdf

Nomenclature, symbols, and definitions in electrochemical engineering (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)
G. Gritzner and G. Kreysa, Pure Appl. Chem. 65, 1009-1020 (1993) and J. Electroanal. Chem. 360, 351-362 (1993).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1993/pdf/6505x1009.pdf

Terminology and conventions for microelectronic ion-sensitive field effect transistor devices in electrochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)
A.K. Covington, Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 565-569 (1994).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1994/pdf/6603x0565.pdf

Mercury(II) oxide and silver(I) oxide electrodes in aqueous solutions (IUPAC Technical Report)
S. Rondinini, P. Longhi, P. R. Mussini, and T. Mussini, Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 641-647 (1994).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1994/pdf/6603x0641.pdf

Recommendations for the electrometric determination of the pH of atmospheric wet deposition (acid rain) (IUPAC Technical Report)
R.A. Durst, W. Davison, and W.F. Koch, Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 649-658 (1994).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1994/pdf/6603x0649.pdf

Impedances of electrochemical systems: terminology, nomenclature, and representation. Part I: cells with metal electrodes and liquid solutions (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)
M. Sluyters-Rehbach, Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 1831-1891 (1994).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1994/pdf/6609x1831.pdf

Recommendations for nomenclature of ion-sensitive electrodes (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)
R.P. Buck and E. Lindner, Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 2527-2536 (1994).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1994/pdf/6612x2527.pdf

Terminology and notations for multistep electrochemical reaction mechanisms (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)
C.P. Andrieux, Pure Appl. Chem. 66, 2445-2450 (1994).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1994/pdf/6612x2445.pdf

Selectivity coefficients for ion-selective electrodes: recommended methods for reporting K(pot,a,b) values (IUPAC Technical Report)
Y. Umezawa, K. Umezawa, and H. Sato, Pure Appl. Chem. 67, 507-518 (1995).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1995/pdf/6703x0507.pdf

Chemically modified electrodes: recommended terminology and definitions (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)
R.A. Durst, A.J. Baumner, R.W. Murray, R.P. Buck, and C.P. Andrieux, Pure Appl. Chem. 69, 1317-1323 (1997).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1997/pdf/6906x1317.pdf

Consistency of pH standard values with the corresponding thermodynamic and dissociation constants (IUPAC Technical Report)
M.F. Camoes, M.J.G. Lito, M.I.A. Ferra, and A.K. Covington, Pure Appl. Chem. 69, 1325-1333 (1997).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1997/pdf/6906x1325.pdf

Analytical aspects of chemically modified electrodes: classification, critical evaluation and recommendations (IUPAC Recommendations 1998)
W. Kutner, J. Wang, M. L'her, and R.P. Buck, Pure Appl. Chem. 70, 1301-1318 (1998).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1998/pdf/7006x1301.pdf

Spectroelectrochemistry: a survey of in situ spectroscopic techniques (IUPAC Technical Report)
W. Plieth, G.S. Wilson, and C. Gutierrez de la Fe, Pure Appl. Chem. 70, 1395-1414, and an Erratum: 70, 2409-2412 (1998).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1998/pdf/7007x1395.pdf
http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1998/pdf/7012x2409.pdf

pH measurements in non-aqueous and mixed solvents: predicting pH(PS) of potassium hydrogen phtalate for alcohol-water mixtures (IUPAC Technical Report)
S. Rondindini, P.R. Mussini, T. Mussini, and A. Vertova, Pure Appl. Chem. 70, 1419-1422 (1998).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1998/pdf/7007x1419.pdf

Terminology and convention for electrochemical stripping analysis (IUPAC Technical Report)
A. Fogg and J. Wang, Pure Appl. Chem. 71, 891-897 (1999).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1999/71_05_pdf/fogg.pdf

A critical evaluation of the redox properties of uranium, neptonium, and plutonium ions in acidic solutions
S. Kihara, Z. Yoshida, H. Aoyagi, K. Maeda, O. Shirai, Y. Katatsuji, and Y. Yoshida, Pure Appl. Chem. 71, 1771-1807 (1999).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/1999/71_09_pdf/7109kihara_1771.pdf

Electrochemical biosensors: recommended definitions and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)
D.R. Thevenot, K. Toth, R.A. Durst, and G.S. Wilason, Pure Appl. Chem. 71, 2333-2348 (1999).
Available on WWW: http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1999/71_12_pdf/7112thevenot_2333.pdf

Microelectrodes. Definitions, characterization, and applications (IUPAC Technical Report)
K. Stulik, C. Amatore, K. Holub, V. Marecek, and W. Kutner, Pure Appl. Chem. 72, 1483-1492 (2000).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2000/7208/7208pdfs/7208stulik_1483.pdf

Potentiometric selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes, part I, inorganic cations (IUPAC Technical Report)
Y. Umezawa, P. Buhlmann, K. Umezawa, K. Tohda, and S. Amemiya, Pure Appl. Chem. 72, 1851-2082 (2000).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2000/7210/7210pdfs/7210umezawa_1852.pdf

Molality-based primary standards of electrolytic conductivity (IUPAC Technical Report)
K.W. Pratt, W.F. Koch, Y.C. Wu, and P.A. Berezansky, Pure Appl. Chem. 73, 1783-1793 (2001).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2001/pdf/7311x1783.pdf

Sulfate sensing electrodes. The lead-amalgam/lead-sulfate electrode (IUPAC Technical Report)
P.R. Mussini and T. Mussini, Pure Appl. Chem. 74, 593-600 (2002).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7404x0593.pdf

Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer (IUPAC Technical Report)
J. Stejskal and R.G. Gilbert, Pure Appl. Chem. 74, 857-867 (2002).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7405x0857.pdf

Potentiometric selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes, part II, inorganic anions (IUPAC Technical Report)
Y. Umezawa, K. Umezawa, P. Buhlmann, N. Hamada, H. Aoki, J. Nakanishi, M. Sato, K.P. Xiao, and Y. Nishimura, Pure Appl. Chem. 74, 923-994 (2002).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7406x0923.pdf

Potentiometric selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes, part III, organic ions (IUPAC Technical Report)
Y. Umezawa, P. Buhlmann, K. Umezawa, N. Hamada, Pure Appl. Chem. 74, 995-1099 (2002).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7406x0995.pdf

Measurement of pH. Definition, satandards, and procedures
R.P. Buck, S. Rondinini, A.K. Covington, F.G.K. Baucke, C.M.A. Brett, M.F. Camoes, M.J.T. Milton, T. Mussini, R. Naumann, K.W. Pratt, P. Spitzer, and G.S. Wilson, Pure Appl. Chem. 74, 2169-2200 (2002).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7411x2169.pdf

Terminology for analytical capillary electromigration techniques (IUPAC Recommendations 2003)
M.-L. Riekkola, J.A. Jonsson, and R.M. Smith, Pure Appl. Chem. 76, 443-451 (2004).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2004/pdf/7602x0443.pdf

Electrochemical detection in liquid flow analytical techniques: characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)
K. Toth, K. Stulik, W. Kutner, Z. Feher, and E. Lindner, Pure Appl. Chem. 76, 1119-1138 (2004).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2004/pdf/7606x1119.pdf

Electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (IUPAC Technical Report)
Z. Samec, Pure Appl. Chem. 76, 2147-2180 (2004).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2004/pdf/7612x2147.pdf

Measurement and interpretation of electrokinetic phenomena (IUPAC Technical Report)
A.V. Delgado, F. Gonzales-Cabellero, R.J. Hunter, L.K. Koopal, and J. Lyklema, Pure Appl. Chem. 77, 1753-1805 (2005).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2005/pdf/7710x1753.pdf

Nonspecific sensor arrays ("Electronic Tongue") for chemical analysis of liquids (IUPAC Technical Report)
Y. Vlasov, A. Legin, A. Budnitskaya C. Di Natale, and A.D. Amico, Pure Appl. Chem. 77, 1965-1983 (2005).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2005/pdf/7711x1965.pdf

Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions. Part A. The suspension effect (IUPAC Technical Report)
S.F. Oman, M.F. Camoes, K.J. Powell, R. Rajagopalan, and P. Spitzer, Pure Appl. Chem. 79, 67-79 (2007).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2007/pdf/7901x0067.pdf

Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions. Part B. Guidelines for practical pH measurements in soil suspension (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)
S.F. Oman, M.F. Camoes, K.J. Powell, R. Rajagopalan, and P. Spitzer, Pure Appl. Chem. 79, 81-86 (2007).
Available on WWW: http://old.iupac.org/publications/pac/2007/pdf/7901x0081.pdf

Performance evaluation criteria for preparation and measurement of macro- and microfabricated ion-selective electrodes (IUPAC Technical Report)
E. Lindner and Y. Umezawa, Pure Appl. Chem. 80, 85-104 (2008).
Available on WWW: http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/2008/pdf/8001x0085.pdf

Electrochemical nucleic acid-based biosensors: Concepts, terms, and methodology (IUPAC Technical Report)
J. Labuda, A.M.O. Brett, G. Evtugyn, M. Fojta, M. Mascini, M. Ozsoz, I Palchetti, E. Palecek, and J. Wang, Pure Appl. Chem. 82, 1161-1187 (2010).
Available on WWW: http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2010/pdf/8205x1161.pdf

Electroanalytical chemistry for the analysis of solids: characterization and classification (IUPAC Technical Report)
A. Domenech-Carbo, J. Labuda, and F. Scholz, Pure Appl. Chem. 85, 609-631 (2013).

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